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Monthly Report
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A Monthly Resource Delivering to the Empire the Best In Indo-Asian Resources
Holy Cow!

Yep, cows really do roam the streets of India. They line the roads, cause traffic jams and forage streets from rural towns to the highest priced avenues in Mumbai. So why? Depends on whom you ask. Cows once offered as sacrifices in early Vedic literature have evolved into protected religious symbols. Some claim they are symbolic of all things good, deliverers of milk and beast of burden that ask nothing in return. Others believe that each cow is a manifestation of a goddess. Still others believe the cow should be protected simply because they are the source of milk, cheese and ghee used as sacrifices in modern Hindu religious ceremonies. Regardless of the reason, cows are, with some exceptions, part of a legally protected Bovine Genus in most of India and very much a part of India's past and present ecologic, economic and social systems.
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Jaipur, Rajastan
The Pink City

Founded in 1727 by the great astronomer-ruler Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, Jaipur is the first planned city in India with unusually wide straight streets. It's known as the Pink City as the houses were built using a pink stucco imitating sandstone. Jaipur was the capital of the princely state of Rajastan and features a sprawling palace complex called the Amber Fort. Within its walls are a small lake, palace gardens, and an observatory. The city was planned using Hindu principles of architecture and arranged in the form of a 9 part Mandala or Pithapada, none signifying the number of planets recognized by ancient zodiacs. One of the most modern cities in the world,
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Diwali
Indian New Years

Just as few Christians or Moslems or Jews can agree on the origin or significance of specific festivals or rituals, so it is with Hindus when asked about Hindu festivals. Deepavali, in Sanskrit, "an array of lights", represents victory of brightness over darkness and is celebrated on one of several days depending on what variation of Hinduism ones practices and where one lives in India. Most Hindus celebrate the festival as the beginning of the New Year, which is different in the south of India from the calendar used in the north. Continue

Indo-Book Review

"White Mughals"
Love and Betrayal in 18th Century India


by William Darymple

A study in cultural Fusion, a detailed history of the British in India and a true life love story, White Mughals is a masterpiece. Dalrymple, author of the best selling book, In Xanadu, details the lives of English and Indian players in the early stages of English colonialism to eventual Empire in 18th and 19th century India. The story focuses on Officer to the British Resident in Hyderabad, James Kirkpatrick, a capable servant "Gone Native", seduced by Mughal life, religion and the teenage great niece of the region's prime minister whom he secretly married and fathered two children with.
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Indo-Movie Review

"Lagaan"

Lagaan, or tax, is, a story set in British ruled Victorian India. In the story, the handsome idyllic village boy, Bhuvan, challenges a ruthless British Officer, Captain Jack Russell (Paul Jackthorne), to a game of cricket. If the British win, the already high taxes are tripled for the poor drought stricken villagers. If the villagers win, taxes are removed for three years.
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Indo-Fashion Focus

"Jewelry in India"

Diamonds are a girls' best friend, right? Maybe in America, but in India, it's gold! Gold rings, gold earrings, gold nose rings, gold toe rings, gold bangles, gold necklaces, gold anklets! There is a piece of jewelry for practically every part of the body! Not only are there vast styles of these ornaments, there are numerous reasons for wearing them, ranging from purely aesthetic to deeply religious. While a bracelet or two might complete your outfit, ornaments in India are often worn with a deeper purpose rooted in custom and tradition. Continue
Indo-Recipes
Indian Food Recipe
Sag Paneer
Instructions:

Heat oil in saucepan and saute chopped onion until light brown. Add cumin seed, cardamom, cinnamon stick, bay leaves, cloves, ginger, garlic, sliced tomato and black pepper and saute about 30 seconds. Add chopped spinach and saute, stirring until it begins to change color. When it goes dark green, it means it is about half cooked and still remains crunchy.

Add salt, cumin, turmeric, coriander powder and garam masala. Mix well with spinach while it is sauteeing. Add cream, tomato puree, cilantro and cubes of cheese (paneer). Cook it well, stirring so it doesn't scorch. When cream boils, cook another 1 1/2 minutes over high heat.
Serves 4.

Ingredients:

2 tablespoons vegetable oil
1 large onion, chopped
pinch of cumin seed
2 cardamom seeds
1 stick of cinnamon
2 or 3 bay leaves
2 whole cloves
1 teaspoon each fresh ginger and garlic
1 small fresh tomato, sliced
1 teaspoon black papper
1/2 pound fresh spinach, chopped
2 teaspoons salt
1 teaspoon cumin powder
1/2 teaspoon turmeric
1 teaspoon ground coriander
1/2 teaspoon garam masala
1 cup whipping cream
1 teaspoon tomato puree
fresh cilantro leaves
Paneer

Click here to downlod a 3" X 5" recipe Card for this Recipe
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Cows Continued...

The daily life of the average Indian cow in say, Ahmedabad, India, involves a daily commute from the countryside into urban neighborhoods. For most of India, trash service involves walking out the front door and dumping biodegradable refuse directly into the street. Wandering cows devour this discarded waste moving from door to door throughout the day. Villagers, gypsies or industrious city dwellers scavenge the same streets collecting cow droppings for later use, which we'll discuss later in this article. In the evening, the cows leave the city returning to villages where self-appointed herds people care for the animals and harvest their milk. Villagers follow the cows back to the city the next morning selling dairy products for human consumption and for use in religious ceremony. It's a pretty amazing system that eliminates garbage, removes cow waste and harvests milk, a system that evolved over the millennium and continues today.

So what do they do with the cow droppings? What don't they do with the droppings. One of the most curious features spotted in rural India is the numerous highly decorated Dung Houses. The cow droppings are stacked into geometric piles, usually round and topped with a grass roof to protect the piles from rain and sun. The sides are smoothed with water to create a hard shell of a wall and almost always decorated with designs made directly into the dung. Some are quite artistic. From these piles the product is sold primarily for use as fuel. But it can also be used as a building material. A family house we visited had a third floor finished with a smoothed dried carpet of dung. It was soft and cool and hard enough to mop and odorless. Some houses, like the dung storage houses are also finished with dung. More familiar to westerners, it's also used as a fertilizer.

It's fascinating following the trek of a cow from an urban center back into the rural countryside. It's a trip from modern Indian back through time into villages where life has changed little over the millennia. Crowded paved roads lined with luxury cars and briefcase-wielding executives give way to rural dirt roads and small villages with minimal modern amenities where people work the land and care for animals. As such, the cow, links modern India with its traditional living past.

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Pink City Continued...

when built, Jaipur featured paved streets with gas lighting and several hospitals. Some of the sights worth experiencing include: Jal Mahal is a rajput style "Water Palace" built in the center of the Man Sarobar lake. The Lake is usually dry in summers but filled after summer rains and filled with water hyacinths. The most familiar and recognizable sight in Jaipur is the Hawa Mahal, part of the city palace built in 1799 by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh. The five-storied red and pink sandstone complex was designed as an extension to the Zenana or harem chamber to the main palace allowing the women of the royal household to observe daily life in the streets below without being seen themselves. It features 953 small windows which provides a breeze to the main palace keeping it cool year round. Jantar Mahal modeled after Moghul astronomical in Delhi is a jumble of instruments built to last the millennia and an odd contrast to the consistent and beautiful architectural elements of the city. Overlooking the city of Jaipur Nahagarh Fort, the abode of tigers, stands on the edge of the Aravalli Hills. Built in 1734, it's part of a three-fort defense ring that includes the Amber Fort and Fort Jaigarh. True to the astronomical tendencies of the Maharaja, the well-planned structure housed 9 queens in 9 apartments. Also called the hunting residence of Kings, the Fort has slowly fallen into disrepair but still retains much of it's grandeur and is very much worth a look.

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Diwali Continued...

Through most of India, Diwali is celebrated at the end of the ten-day celebration of Navrati, when the Goddess Durga defeated the half buffalo demon Mahishasura.

In the north of India, Diwali coincides with the full moon in the Hindu month of Kartika and celebrates the defeat of the Ravana the demon King of Sri Lanka by Lord Rama of Ayoda as detailed in the holy book the Ramayana. According to the Ramyana, the demon King Ravana kidnaps Sita the consort of Rama and takes her to Sri Lanka. The story details her kidnapping and Rama's perilous rescue building a floating causeway from India to Sri Lanaka and encountering hoardes of Rakshasas (described here in a previous newsletter). A ripping read, really. Grateful citizens in India lighted Lord Rama and Sita's return with lamps, thus the name Diwali or Festival of Lights.

Today Diwali is the grand daddy of all Indian holidays and celebrated by Indians around the world of all faiths. It's celebrated with fireworks and lights and paper lamps of every description. A type of temporary art, Rangoli, can often be found at the entrance to many homes. It's a geometric or floral pattern similar to mandalas created using colored sand or rice and flower petals. It's also a time for family unification, new clothes, sweets and inner reflection. Women wear brightly colored clothing and henna patterns. Melas, or fairs with rides and performances are common throughout India during Diwali.

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White Mughals Continued...

Going native was a persistent problem for the East India Company. Successful company servants, isolated and completely immersed in Mughal culture would become indistinguishable from their Indian counterparts, dressing in Indian fashion, taking Indian wives, eating Indian food, smoking hookas and converting to Islam. By tracing the life, travails and adventures of some of these cross cultural agents, Dalrymple provides an incredibly detailed look at daily Mughal life, it's trappings, food, cultural and sexual mores, the life of early Englishmen to that world. Through first hand accounts, we're taken into Mughal courts and the astoundingly political and often powerful harems of Mughal leaders.

Caught between two worlds, Kirkpatrick and others walked a thin cross-cultural line. His life offers some insight into problems many of us face today. It's a definite read.

GJC

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Lagaan Continued...
From an historic or cultural perspective the film is absurd. But no more so than wealthy aristocratic American girls falling in love with artistic Irish immigrants who teach them the finer points of spitting from bows of 1910 iceberg-doomed luxury liners. Inaccuracies aside, director Ashutosh Gowariker combines some truly great performances, classic Bollywood song and dance with a great story to create one heck of an entertaining film.

The hero of the film, Bhuvan, played by Indian heart-throb, Aamir Khan, challenges the British to a game of cricket after the British announce plans to double their current tax. The British team includes some seasoned cricket players. The village boys have never seen a cricket match much less played one. Bhuvan is faced with learning the game and teaching it to a very reluctant group of fellow villagers more bent on lynching Bhuvan for having made the bet than learning the game. Fortunately for the home team, Captain Jack has a very beautiful and equally sympathetic sister, Miss Elizabeth (Rachel Shelley), who secretly assists team Desi (What most Indians call themselves) with lessons and equipment. In the course of, Elizabeth falls deeply in love with Bhuvan, much to the dismay of equally beautiful fellow villager Gauri (Gracie Singh). The villagers are a thoroughly entertaining collection of characters expertly portrayed by a cast of skillful actors. The journey to the playing field is a trail of self-discovery for the villagers, in which Bhuvan leads them along the early path to independence from British rule. The game itself is a nail-biter. You can guess who wins the match and what girl wins the affections of Bhuvan.

Check out the clip below and rent or buy the film.

Fashion Continued...

Gold jewelry is so popular because gold is said to have the power to purify anything it touches. It is not uncommon for an Indian man or woman to have a piece of gold jewelry touching their skin at all times.

Do you remember getting your ears pierced? Ask an Indian woman, and she'll most likely say no. Indian girls have their ears pierced before their first birthday.

The bangle, or bracelet, looks lovely on Indian women of all ages, but it too has a deeper purpose. Bangles are seen as protective bands and Indian women wear them to be symbolic protectors of their husbands.

The nose pin was once a symbol of marriage and purity, but it has become very common among young Indian girls and is worn more for aesthetic purposes than religious purposes.

And if you go to an Indian wedding, don't hold your breath waiting for the exchanging of rings. The wearing of rings on the hand has become so common that it is no longer a symbol of marriage in Indian culture. Instead, on their wedding day, women receive a mangalsutra, a black and gold beaded necklace. It is removed only after the death of the woman's husband.

Another ornament symbolizing marriage is the mangatika or the tikli. It is a small chain worn clasped in the parting of the hair on top of the woman's head with a small pendant on the end. However, over the years this ornaments has lost much of its symbolism and is less common.

Toe rings and anklets, usually adorned with bells, are different in that they are not made of gold. In Indian culture, gold is a pure metal and it is not to be worn on the feet. Indian royalty and deities were an exception to this rule.

In addition to jewelry other very common forms of adornment are Kajal and Sindoor. Once a child is six days old, the mother will rub Kajal, or eyeliner, on the baby's eyes and put a dot on his/her forehead. The mother does this because this marking of the child is said to protect the baby from evil. Sindoor is the familiar large red dot painted on a woman's forehead, a symbol of marriage, power, and protection of the husband. The groom applies Sindoor to the forehead of the bride during the wedding ceremony.

These customs, like any culture, are sometimes unknown or unobserved. Many Indians wear jewelry without any knowledge of these previous traditions and simply appreciate the beauty and craftsmanship of these delicate ornaments. Either way, Indian jewelry is an exquisite addition to any outfit and is an exceptional means of spicing up the dullest of frocks.

"Fashion fades, only style remains."
- Coco Chanel

Emma G.

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